In case of an atypical clinical presentation or suspicion of a possible differential diagnosis, further diagnostics should be performed immediately. The diagnosis of TGA should be made clinically. TGA is a disorder that occurs predominantly between 50 and 70 years. The incidence is estimated between 3 and 8 per 100,000 population/year. TGA is characterized by a sudden onset of retrograde and anterograde amnesia for a period of one to a maximum of 24 h (with an average of 6 to 8 h). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64:435–443.In 2022 the DGN (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie) published an updated Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) guideline. Zeman AZJ, Boniface SJ, Hodges JR (1998) Transient epileptic amnesia: a description of the clinical and neuropsychological features in 10 cases and a review of the literature. Yang Y, Zhou M, Niu Y et al (2018) Epileptic seizure prediction based on permutation Entropy. Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian DG, Watkins KE et al (1997) Differential Effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory. Trébuchon A, Chauvel P (2016) Electrical stimulation for seizure induction and functional mapping in Stereoelectroencephalography. Tassinari CA, Ciarmatori C, Alesi C et al (1991) Transient global amnesia as a Postictal State from recurrent partial seizures. Palmini AL, Gloor P, Jones-Gotman M (1992) Pure amnestic seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. Mosbah A, Tramoni E, Guedj E et al (2014) Clinical, neuropsychological, and metabolic characteristics of transient epileptic amnesia syndrome. Mishkin M, Suzuki WA, Gadian DG, Vargha–Khadem F (1997) Hierarchical organization of cognitive memory. Mateos DM, Guevara Erra R, Wennberg R, Perez Velazquez JL (2018) Measures of entropy and complexity in altered states of consciousness. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 67:532–534. Manes F, Springer J, Jorge R, Robinson RG (1999) Verbal memory impairment after left insular cortex infarction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 56:1184–1190. Kapur N (1993) Transient epileptic amnesia a clinical update and a reformulation. Jensen CD, Krøigård T, Beier CP (2020) Transient epileptic amnesia diagnosed using long-term electroencephalography. Gallassi R (2006) Epileptic amnesic syndrome: an update and further considerations. īutler CR, Bhaduri A, Acosta-Cabronero J et al (2009) Transient epileptic amnesia: regional brain atrophy and its relationship to memory deficits. īutler CR, Graham KS, Hodges JR et al (2007) The syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia. īarbeau EJ (2011) Les modèles de la mémoire: approches anatomo-fonctionnelle et représentationnelle-hiérarchique. Our case shows that long-lasting (hours) memory impairment may follow brief seizure that led to prolonged electrophysiological signals alterations in bilateral mesial temporal structures.īandt C, Pompe B (2002) Permutation entropy: a natural complexity measure for time series. This episode was associated with prolonged changes in the intracerebral EEG signal complexity (entropy) within bilateral mesial temporal structures, particularly the entorhinal cortices, with a progressive normalization paralleling the clinical recovery. We report a case of prolonged anterograde amnesia (lasting several hours) following a brief seizure induced by stimulation of the left entorhinal cortex, recorded during stereo-EEG (SEEG). The mechanisms of such prolonged manifestations are not well known and notably its ictal or post-ictal origin remains poorly understood. This type of seizure can occur in patients with different forms of temporal lobe epilepsy and has been more recently associated with a late-onset epileptic syndrome, called transient epileptic amnesia (TEA). Pure amnestic seizures are defined as self-limited episodes with isolated, anterograde memory loss and have been attributed to bilateral dysfunction of mesial temporal structures.
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